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About Rare DiseasesRare Disease Wiki
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Name of disease:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)ICD-10 diagnosis code:
https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/G00-G99/G35-G37/G35-/G35 https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/E00-E89/E70-E88/E88-/E88.40
Causes:
Pattern of inheritance:
An autoimmune disorder (The most widely accepted theory) begins as where white blood cells (lymphocytes) attack healthy tissues. Later, MS signs and symptoms occur as a result of abnormal activity of specific cells in the brain and spinal cord (microglial cells) and progressive injury and loss of brain and spinal cord cells. chronic viral infections Epstein-Barr virus infection , certain gene changes, increased risk for developing multiple sclerosis genetic disease. Having a first-degree relative with MS, like a parent or sibling, does increase a person risk for the condition (to around 2%).
Prevalence:
<1 / 1 000 000 Prevalence rates vary widely from region to region and from ethnic group to ethnic group
Diagnosis:
clinical examination Immune System Diseases Neurological examination Eye examination Lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid tests MRI scan of the brain, MRI scan of the spine; nerve function study; blood tests
Age of onset:
The peak age of onset is between ages 20 and 40, It may develop in children and over 60 years of age. The incidence rate is usually higher in women than in men
Common signs and symptoms:
Symptoms vary from person to person, and no two people have exactly the same symptoms. blurred vision, complex vision, impaired vision, eyeball beating, blindness; Limb weakness, unable to move around, quadriplegic; oss of balance, trembling, walking instability, dizziness; muscle spasms, stiffness, cramping, easy tiredness; Feeling abnormal, unconscious, limb pain, numbness, pain, sensitivity to heat, burning sensation; Slow speech, blurred pronunciation, change of rhythm; Urination disorders, urinary retention, incontinence, constipation; Sexual function is blocked, impotence, loss; Emotional problems; Short-term memory, concentration, and judgment problems occur
Available treatments (medicinal and non-medicinal):
Dalfampridine (Brand name: Ampyra) Interferon beta-1a (recombinant human) (Brand name: Avonex) Interferon beta-1b (Brand name: Betaseron) Glatiramer acetate (Brand name: Copaxone®) Baclofen (Brand name: Lioresal® (injection))
Disease management tips:
Enhancing the function of their immune system helps fight disease Balanced nutrition and simple diet Strengthen breathing and relaxation training Cultivate exercise habits as learn from physiotherapy. Keep an optimistic attitude and a cheerful mood Maintain positive thinking and clear-headedness Avoid excessive fatigue and stress
References:
Orphanet GARD https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%97%87 https://www.christopherreeve.org/zh/international/top-paralysis-topics-in-chinese/multiple-sclerosis
Other useful websites
More about the disease:http://www.tfrd.org.tw/tfrd/rare_b/view/id/70