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About Rare DiseasesRare Disease Wiki
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Name of disease:
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)ICD-10 diagnosis code:
D59.3Causes:
HUS is caused by the infection of Escherichia coli. (E. coli) bacterium E. coli releases toxin which may be transported by white blood cells to kidney and causes acute renal injury
Mode of inheritance:
Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome is not inheritable among familyPrevalence:
1-3/100,000Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of typical HUS can be confirmed through clinical evaluation, detailed patient history and laboratory tests, including stool, blood and urine tests Stool samples may contain the E. coli Blood test may show fragmented red blood cells, decreased level of platelets and increased levels of white blood cells
Age of onset:
At any age, more common in neonatalCommon signs and symptoms:
Infection of digestive tract Abdominal pain and cramps Fever Diarrhea with blood Paleness Diminished urine excretion Weakness Lack of energy Chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, hypertension, gallstones or neurological deficits in chronic condition
Available treatments (medicinal and non-medicinal):
The current treatment focus on managing existing symptoms and preventing further complications. Intravenous fluid or nutritional supplementation may be required to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte levels. Dialysis can also be done if there is kidney impairment.
Disease management tips:
Most infants and young children with typical HUS recover with immediate and appropriate supportive therapy. Since patients may have fragmented red blood cells and decreased platelet levels, red blood cells and platelet transfusions may be required. Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome occurs after infection of E. coli. However, antibiotic therapy for E. coli gastroenteritis should be avoided because antibiotics may increase the release of toxin into intestine, which increases the risk of typical hemolytic uremic syndrome.